48 Almond Facts
JANUARY | FEBRUARY 2015
Fungicide
Resistance
risk (FRAC)1
Brown
rot
Jack-
et rot
Anthrac-
nose
Shot
hole
Scab3 Rust3 Leaf
blight
Alternaria
leaf spot 3
PM-
like5
Hull
rot16
Bumper/Tilt4
high (3)
++++ +/-
++++
++
++
+++ ND ++
+++ ++
Indar
high (3)
++++ +/-
+++
++
++ NL ND +
ND
----
Inspire Super4
high (3/9)
++++ ++++ ND
+++ +++ +++ ND +++
ND +++
Luna Sensation
medium (7/11)3,7 ++++ ++++ ++++
++++ ++++ ++++ ND ++++
+++ +++
Pristine
medium (7/11)3,7 ++++ ++++ ++++
++++ ++++ +++ ND +++
+++ +++
Merivon*
medium (7/11)3,7 ++++ ++++ ++++
++++ ++++ +++ ND ++++
++++ +++
Quash4
high (3)
++++ ++
++++
+++ +++ ++++ ND ++++
+++ +++
Luna Experience
medium (3/7)3 ++++ +++ ++++
+++ ++++ ++++ ND ++++
+++ +++
Quadris Top
medium (3/11)3 ++++ +++ ++++
+++ ++++ ++++ ND +++
+++ +++
Quilt Xcel
medium (3/11)3 ++++ +++ ++++
+++ ++++ ++++ ND +++
+++ +++
Rovral + oil8
low (2)
++++ ++++
----
+++ +/-
++ ND +++9
ND
----
Scala3
high (9)3, 7
++++ ++++ ND
++
---- ND ND +
----
----
Tebuzol (Elite**)
high (3)
++++ +/-
+++
++
++
+++ ND +
ND ++
Topsin-M/T-Methyl/ Incog-
nito2
high (1)2, 7
++++ ++++
----
---- +++8 +
+++6
----
++
----
Vangard
high (9)3, 7
++++ ++++ ND
++
---- ND ND +9
----
----
Fontelis
high (7)4
++++ ++++ ++
++++ +++ +++ ND +++
ND
----
Abound4
high (11)3,7
+++
---- ++++
+++ ++++ ++++ +++ +++10
+++ +++
Elevate
high (17)7
+++ ++++
----
+ ND ND ND ND
ND
----
Protexio*
high (17)7
+++ ++++
----
+ ND ND ND ND
ND
----
Gem4
high (11)3, 7
+++
---- ++++
+++ ++++ ++++ +++ +++10
+++ +++
Laredo
high (3)
+++
---- ++
++
---- +
+++
----
+++
----
Rovral/Iprodione/Nevado
low (2)
+++ +++
----
+++
----
---- ND ++9
----
----
Bravo/Chloro-thalonil/Echo/
Equus11,12
low (M5)
++ NL +++
+++ +++15 ++++ NL NL
----
----
Captan4,12
low (M4)
++
++
+++
+++ ++
---- +++6 +
----
----
CaptEvate**
low (M4/17)
+++ +++ +++
+++ +++
---- +++ +
----
----
Ph-D
medium (19)
++
+++
----
++
+++ +++ ND ++++
ND ++
Syllit*
Medium (M7) +
---- ND
+++ ++++ ND ND +
ND
----
Rally13
high (3)
+++
---- ++
+/-
---- +
+++
----
+++
----
Ziram
low (M3)
++
+
+++
+++ +++
---- ++
+
----
----
Copper14
low (M1)
+/-
+/-
----
+
+15
----
---- ND
----
----
Copper + oil14
low (M1)
ND ND
----
+
+++15 ----
---- ND
----
----
Lime sulfur12
low (M2)
+/- NL
----
+/-
++15 ++ NL NL
----
----
Sulfur4,12
low (M2)
+/-
+/-
----
---- ++
++
----
----
+++
----
PlantShield***17
low
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
----
ALMOND: FUNGICIDE EFFICACY
Rating:
++++ = excellent and consistent, +++ = good and reliable, ++ = moderate and variable, + = limited and/or erratic,
+/- = minimal and often ineffective, ---- = ineffective, NL = not on label, and ND = no data
* Registration pending in California
**Not registered, label withdrawn or inactive
*** Section 24C (special local needs) registration approved in California for silver leaf disease of almond.
1
Group numbers are assigned by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) according to different modes
of actions (for more information, see http://www.frac.info/). Fungicides with a different group number are suitable to
alternate in a resistance management program. In California, make no more than one application of fungicides with mode
of action Group numbers 1, 4, 9, 11, or 17 before rotating to a fungicide with a different mode of action Group number;
for fungicides with other Group numbers, make no more than two consecutive applications before rotating to fungicide
with a different mode of action Group number.
2
Strains of the brown rot fungi
Monilinia laxa
and
M. fructicola
resistant to Topsin-M and T-Methyl have been found in
some California almond orchards. MBC-resistant strains of the jacket rot fungus,
Botrytis
cinerea
and powdery mildew
fungi, have been reported in California on crops, other than almond and stone fruits and may have the potential to develop in almonds with
overuse of fungicides with similar chemistry. MBC-resistant strains of the scab fungus,
Cladosporium carpophilum
, have been found in California.